Hormones
Steroid
Cholesterol is a sterol and a steroid that is the precursor to other steroid hormones. Steroid hormones are fat soluble.
Progestogens are precusors to androgens and corticosteroids. Progestogens are a class of hormone also known as progesterones and progestins. Progesterone is also an individual hormone within the progestogens class. Progesterone is known as the gestation or luteal phase hormone.
Estrogens are metabolized from androgens.
Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids are classes of hormones collectively known as corticoids, formed from progestogens. Corticoids, also known as corticosteroids, are formed in the adrenal glands. Glucocorticoids maintain glucose levels. Mineralcorticoids regulate salts in the body.
Amino
Amino-based hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle include: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (Prl), anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin. These hormones are water soluble.
Receptors
Steroid receptors
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is located in the breasts, fallopian tubes and pituitary gland. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is located within ovarian, egg, bone, brain and adipose tissues.
Progesterone receptor A (PRA) is located in the reproductive tract. Progesterone receptor B (PRB) is located in the breasts. There are two other progesterone receptor subtypes, but there is scarce information available about them.
Androgen receptor (AR) doesn't have any subtypes.
Other receptors
FSH, LH, Prl, AMH and inhibin have corresponding receptors.
Enzymes
Enzymes within cells are responsible for converting hormones into different forms. Aromatase is an enzyme that converts androgens, with the exception of dihydro-testosterone (DHT), into estrogens.
Phytohormones (& more)
The focus is phytohormones, but other hormones are included for reference if they belong to same categories. These will be classified according to their category. Some phytohormones increase cellular metabolism.
Not every category or phytochemical within the categories is safe.
Cholestanes
Cholestane is the class which cholesterol belongs to.
Sitosterols including beta-sitosterol belongs to this class.
Spirostan is a class of cholestane that is less identical to cholesterol than sitosterols. Diosgenin, dioscin, yamogenin, sarsaponin, sarsasapogenin, luteone and asparanin B (shatavarin IV) are spirostans.
Flavonoids
- Anthocyanins
- Chalcones: xanthohumol
- Flavanones: naringenin, 8-prenylnaringenin
- Flavones: apigenin, luteolin
- Flavonols: kaempferols, quercetin, rutin
- Isoflavones: coumestrol, genistein
Benzene derivatives
Many in this category seem to be estrogen receptor (α or β) antagonists.
- Lignans
- Phenols
- Polyphenol: resveratrol
- Anisoles: anethole, estragole and their derivatives
- Catechols: curcumin, capsaicin (catechols tend to be irritants)
- Resorcinols: zearalenone
- Stilbenes: tamoxifin
Combination
Coumestrol is both an isoflavone and a coumarin.
Flavonolignans are a molecule that contains a joined flavonoid and lignan. Silymarin belongs to this category.
Other
Vitamin D is also a steroid.
Breast.is blog
References:
- Britannica: Corticoid. https://www.britannica.com/science/corticoid.
- Britannica: Glucocorticoid. https://www.britannica.com/science/glucocorticoid.
- Mesh. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh.
- PubChem. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/.
Resources: